A: Although “lime” is sometimes used as a generic term for various materials, it should properly be used only to refer to the manufactured products quicklime and hydrated lime (click here for a short description on how lime is produced). Limestone, which is the feedstock for lime manufacturing, is not itself lime, although confusion is sometimes caused by references to limestone as “agricultural lime” or “aglime.”
Quicklime, the product of calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate), consists of the oxides of calcium and magnesium and, in the United States, it is available in three forms:
Hydrated lime is a dry powder manufactured by mixing quicklime with water, thereby converting the oxides to hydroxides. Depending upon the type of quicklime used and the hydrating conditions employed, the amount of water in chemical combination varies, as follows:
A: Quicklime is commercially available in a number of sizes (the following definitions are derived from ASTM Standard C51):
Hydrated lime is available only as a fine powder or a slurry. Normal grades of hydrated lime suitable for most chemical purposes will have 85 percent or more passing a 200-mesh sieve, while for special applications, hydrated lime may be obtained as fine as 99.5 percent passing a 325-mesh sieve
A: A short fact sheet on hydrated lime for masonry purposes is available. Hydrated limes used in building applications are divided into four types, as described in ASTM Standard Specification C207 (Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes):
Types S and SA are differentiated from Types N and NA principally by the unhydrated oxide content and their water retention value. Type S must meet a water retention value of 85%, while Type N hydrate lime must have a water retention value of 75%. No distinction is made based on the nature and source of limestone. The maximum air content of cement-lime mortar made with Types NA and SA is 14%; with Types N or S lime, 7%.
A: No. The term agricultural lime, or "aglime," usually refers to crushed limestone. Limestone (calcium carbonate) is not the same as hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide).
A: A complete list of standards is available at Lime Standards.
A: ASTM has Standard Methods for testing chemical (C25) and physical (C110) properties. These standards can be purchased directly from ASTM at www.astm.org.
A: NLA’s "Lime Handling, Application & Storage" publication includes information on the handling and storage of lime, equipment for application of lime, lime slaking and slurry handling, and factors affecting the selection of lime. Contact your lime supplier for more specific technical assistance and advice on equipment vendors.
A: Please see "Fact Sheet: Lime Safety Precautions."
A: Lime is generally not regulated as a hazardous chemical when transported. The one exception is airborne shipments of quicklime. A fact sheet on shipment of quicklime by air is available.
A: A fact sheet on soil stabilization is available under Technical Information. NLA offers several free downloads on soil stabilization with lime.
A: Yes, a fact sheet on using lime to dry up mud called “Lime Dries Up Mud” is available.
A: Hydrated lime can be used to raise the pH of acidic soils. This is also referred to as soil "sweetening." Hydrated lime is available from garden centers and should be applied in the amounts and using the procedures recommended on the packaging.
A: A list of U.S. and Canadian lime suppliers by state/province is available under Find a Lime Plant.
A: W e are aware of one company that makes food grade lime: Mississippi Lime (www.mississippilime.com).
A: Building lime can be obtained from Carmeuse, Graymont, Lhoist North America, and Mississippi Lime.
A: NLA has no current publications that address whitewash. Other references include:
If you have a question concerning lime, please email us or contact us at (703) 243-5463 ext. 226.
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