With a concentrated winding, the stator is always wound exactly over one tooth. This has significant advantages in the manufacture of the stator. For example, already finished windings can simply be pushed onto the stator. However, the design of the stator’s teeth must be designed for this. A major advantage of a concentrated winding is the very small winding head at the top and bottom of the motor. In a distributed winding, this winding head is larger because of the overlap of the windings. Due to the smaller winding head of concentrated windings, the ohmic losses in the lower speed range, are lower all for a distributed winding. When using a classical design of an electric motor with a concentrated development, the back EMF is trapezoidal. As a result, high torque can be generated with this type of winding, especially in the lower range. However, this does not mean that it also results in high efficiency. This is because the main disadvantage of a concentrated winding is the harmonics that are generated, which can lead to high losses, especially at high speeds. These losses can occur in the windings in the laminations as well as in permanent magnets. Concentrated windings are primarily used for motors that are short and have a large diameter. An example of this is wheel hub drives for electric bicycles without gears. Concentrated windings are also used for drives that require high dynamics and efficiency is not so critical. Another disadvantage of concentrated windings is a not insignificant torque ripple. This can be compensated, for example, by moving the magnets on the rotor relative to each other or by shaping the magnets accordingly.
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