There are three different types of DC motors:
The permanent magnet DC motor is the most popular due to its simple design. The separately excited DC motor and self-excited DC motor do not have permanent magnets in the stator; instead, these DC motors use electromagnets in the stator. For self-excited DC motors, the voltage for the electromagnet is used directly from the DC voltage. Instead, separately excited DC motors use an additional voltage that can be set independently of the DC voltage of the DC motor. The direct counterpart to DC motors are brushless DC motors, or BLDC motors. As the name implies, BLDC motors do not have brushes, so they do not have a commutator. Brushless motors belong to the AC motors. Ironless or slotless DC motors have no slots in the rotor, i.e. no teeth around which windings are wound. The windings are therefore wound around air, so to speak. This is why the term “air gap winding” is used.
Hello guys, welcome back to my blog. In this article, I will discuss DC motor, the advantages of DC motor, the disadvantages of DC_motor, applications of DC_motor, working of DC_motor, construction of DC motor, etc.
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DC Motor
The conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy is known as the motor. There will not be any differences between a DC motor and a dc generator according to the construction. Parts in DC motor – Click here to read the complete information.
Working principle Of DC Motor
Motor works on the principle of Loretz force principle. Whenever a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field then there will be a force produced in the conductor. The two fluxes oppose each other. Here, the field flux is produced by the field winding and the armature flux is produced by the armature winding when the armature is given an electric input.
We know that every current-carrying conductor will produce flux. Therefore, the armature current will also produce flux. The direction of the flux produced by the armature conductor is determined by the right-hand thumb rule and the direction of the armature conductor can be determined.
These two fluxes i.e., armature flux and main field flux will interact with each other by which the net flux will be increased towards one side and which will be minimum on the other side.
The increased flux on one side will be in the shape of an enlarged magnetic field or flux or like a stretched rubber band. Therefore, this will exert a force on the surface of the conductor by which there will be momentum in the conductor.
As the armature is in a cylindrical shape and has a radius, therefore, a force will be created on the surface of the armature which leads to turning or twisting which is called as production of torque.
As the flux is zero the speed is infinity and the motor mechanically gets damaged. The speed of the motor can be varied up to two times. We should not run the series motor at no-load conditions.
Under light load conditions, the current drawn by the series motor will be very very small and therefore the speed of the motor will be very very high which may lead to mechanical damage to the motor. So, the series motor should not be operated under light load or no-load conditions.
Significance of Back EMF
When the motor is operating then the concept of generator comes into the picture i.e., whenever the flux linking with the conductor changes then there will be an induced emf in the conductor. Here, the flux produced by the poles will be stationary and constant and because of the motor principle, the armature starts rotating.
Because the armature starts rotating the flux produced by the main field will be cut by the armature conductor and therefore there will be an induced emf in the armature conductor according to the generator principle.
We know that the direction of the induced emf produced by the motor is opposite to the applied voltage. But the magnitude of the induced emf will be similar to that of the induced emf of the generator.
Types of DC motors
Depending upon filed winding DC motors are classified into three types. They are
01. Series motor
02. Shunt motor
03. Compound motor
01. Series DC motor:-
Series DC motor has high starting torque and variable speed. Ex:-conveyers, cranes, elevators etc.
02. Shunt DC motor:-
Shunt DC motor has constant speed and medium starting torque. Ex:-Milling machines, blowers, fans etc.
03. Compound DC motor:-
These motors have relatively high starting torque. Ex:-Shears, rolling mills etc.
Advantages Of DC Motor
Disadvantages Of DC Motor
Applications Of DC Motor
I hope this article may help you all a lot. Thank you for reading.
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